While this may seem fairly straight-forward, there are couple of items worth nothing. The backups will actually happen one PC at a time. This checks various things such as password synching and stuff like that. One other thing it checks is to see if it needs to be backed up. If the PC is turned on during the backup window, it should still start the backup up during the window. This is usually around 8pm, and one of the first things the machine does is backup.
You could set the window from 6am to 11pm if you really wanted to. Here is where you configure how long you want WHS to keep the backups.
This should be fairly self-explanatory. Now to begin looking at how the backups work. Consider the following scenario:. This is for the Zune software version 4. They get backed up on December 31st. On January 1st, Computer A updates to version 4. This means that the zune. On January 2nd, Computer B updates. The backup settings are set to keep 7 daily, 0 weekly, and 0 monthly backups.
So what is on the server:. So what happened here? This first action is just a simple check that the server does to see if any backups are outside of the windows defined in the settings. In this scenario, if there are any backups more than 7 days old, those backups get deleted. The 2nd action is to clean up the database. What this does is to check every file that exists in the backup catalog and see if there are any orphaned files, that is, files that were originally linked to an old backup and are not linked to any current backups.
In our scenario above, the first action started taking place on Jan 7th, by deleting both computers backups of Dec On Jan 8th, the backups from Dec 31 were deleted. For action 2, on January 7th, there were no orphaned files, so no files were actually deleted.
However on Jan 8th, the old zune. It is a database that stores its data in actual files. The first corresponds to the computer-specific backups. Take a look at the following:. The explanation I gave above is a simplistic version.
What really happens is that instead of storing files as files, it actually stores files in the form of clusters. A little background: the hard drive in your computer is comprised of clusters. When you format the disk, the file system splits the drive up into little chunks called clusters.
This means that every file in your computer is split up into 4KB chunks. Take a look at this:. What you can see is that while the zune. When you do your initial set up of WHS and attach the first PC, the first backup will take a lot of time. What WHS actually does is copy every cluster to the server. The client computer calculates what are called hashes for each cluster.
A hash is basically the output of an algorithm that is performed for a set of data. In the WHS arena, each cluster runs through the algorithm and a hash is generated that for all intents and purposes uniquely identifies this cluster.
This hash is sent to the WHS along with the cluster for storage. When you do subsequent backups on that PC or on a different PC, the client connector reads every cluster on the hard drive and looks to see when that cluster was last changed this is a function of the NTFS file system. If that change date is after the time of last backup, the connector generates a hash for that cluster.
It sends the hash to the WHS. What this practically means is that any time a file changes, the client checks with the WHS to see if the WHS already has that file from another computer and if not, sends the file for storage. The output from each backup is thus twofold. The first is that each cluster on the client computer will have a copy on the WHS whether due to being recently copied or from prior existence. The second is that each backup will have a list of every cluster that is on the client hard drive and the hash corresponding to where that cluster is stored in the WHS backup database.
WHS stores the clusters in a. It then rolls over to the. These can be thought of as non-compressed. One other thing to notice from the screenshot above is that. When the backup cleanup is done, any orphaned clusters are deleted, but the.
The second is that if you have systems with different cluster sizes such as an HTPC with 64KB clusters like SageTV sometimes recommends the cluster hashes will always be different than a system with 4KB clusters and thus there will be duplicate data stored on the WHS.
Excluded files. These are:. I hope this helps to give the reader more information as to how WHS backups work. Where are online backups stored? Can I restore files to other computers? Pricing Examples. KeepVault Home. KeepVault is my invisible security net for my most critical data: family pictures, videos and documents. It silently keeps my memories safe, alerting me only when I need to take action. We don't discriminate. Backup to local drive or USB Flexible local backup options keep your data close by.
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KeepVault Connector for Server Add-in Quickly and easily back up workstations to your server with our connector. Also supports Mac OS clients. Restore by mail Backup to network drive Make local backups onto other network machines. Differential backups Backup only changes made to files for increased performance. File versioning KeepVault saves five versions of your file perpetually.
Among the free programs we tested, Backupper Standard wins primarily because it has the most features, including imaging, file backup, disk cloning, and plain file syncing, plus multiple scheduling options see our full review.
This was the case with Backupper 4, and the latest version has only added more options, making it a surprisingly well-rounded free offering. We hit a few performance snags with less-conventional system setups, but for the average user, it should perform as expected. Additionally, if you intend to back up to a newly purchased external hard drive, check out the software that ships with it. Seagate, WD, and others provide backup utilities that are adequate for the average user.
Some programs automatically select the appropriate files if you use the Windows library folders Documents, Photos, Videos, etc. Boot media: Should your system crash completely, you need an alternate way to boot and run the recovery software. Any backup program should be able to create a bootable optical disc or USB thumb drive. Some will also create a restore partition on your hard drive, which can be used instead if the hard drive is still operational. Any backup program worth its salt allows you to schedule backups.
Any backup program you use should allow you to retain several previous backups, or with file backup, previous versions of the file. The better software will retain and cull older backups according to criteria you establish.
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