Refrigerant ; Halocarbon ; 1,2-difluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane; Freon PGDN; propylene glycol-1,2-dinitrate; 1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate. Dactin; DDH; Halane. Korax; Lanstan. BHT; butylated hydroxytoluene; dibutylated hydroxytoluene; 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol. When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being instituted, appropriate respirators shall be used.
Employers must provide appropriate respiratory protection at no cost to workers, provide appropriate training and education regarding its use, and ensure that workers use it properly. See 29 CFR First, explore this Safety and Health Topic webpage that includes links to much of the related information available from OSHA, in addition, near the top of this page is a list of other Safety and Health Topic pages which address specific chemicals.
Other sections contain information or links on subjects such as laboratory safety, and Hazard Communication or Process Safety. Information available on the pages includes chemical identification and physical properties, exposure limits, sampling information, and additional resources.
Chemical hazards and toxic substances are addressed in specific OSHA standards for general industry, maritime, and construction. More ». Provides references that aid in recognizing hazards associated with chemical hazards and toxic substances. Provides information that may aid in controlling workplace hazards associated with chemical hazards and toxic substances.
Provides links and references to additional resources related to chemical hazards and toxic substances. Chemical Hazards and Toxic Substances. Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. Burge, H. Health Risks of Indoor Pollutants. Fisk, W. Indoor Air Quality Control Techniques. New Jersey: Noyes Data Corp. Man-Made Mineral Fibres and Radon.
IARC Monographs. Lioy, P. Maryland State Department of Education. Indoor Air Quality. Baltimore: Maryland Public Schools. McLellan, R. The Health Hazards of Office Work. Toxic Substances Journal 5 3 Samet, J. Parts I and II. American Review of Respiratory Disease and Wadden, R.
Indoor Air Pollution. Walsh, P. Investigations of office related complaints using industrial hygiene techniques often fail to identify the source of these problems. The combined effects of multiple, low-level air contaminants have not been investigated thoroughly and may be a cause of the problem. In a recent NIOSH document, Stress Management in Work Settings, occupational stress is discussed in terms of assessment methods, stress management, and programs and training necessary to reduce occupational stress.
The synergistic effect of multiple stressors appears to indicate that building-related problems may be more than an air quality problem. The combined effect of these multiple stressors may interact with employees and could result in acute adverse emotional or physical reactions. In the short term, these reactions may lead to decreased productivity, absenteeism, and high turnover rates and if prolonged may lead to a variety of illnesses including hypertension, coronary heart disease, ulcers, alcoholism and mental illness.
These office-related health problems can be evaluated by a consultant through employee interviews, analysis of job demands, and training employees. The following potential problems may need to be addressed:. See individual manufacturer's literature for information on interferences to the screening or sampling method. Toggle navigation Emergency Preparedness and Response Home. Sampling and Analytical Methods I. Introduction A. Causal Factors Modern office buildings are generally considered safe and healthful working environments.
Incidence The range of investigations of indoor air quality problems encompasses complaints from one or two employees to episodes where entire facilities are shut down and evacuated until the events are investigated and problems corrected. Complaints are often of a subjective, nonspecific nature and are associated with periods of occupancy.
These symptoms often disappear when the employee leaves the workplace. They include headache, dizziness, nausea, tiredness, lack of concentration, and eye, nose, and throat irritation. Air sampling should be initiated only after medical or clinical reports indicate the existence of workplace-related illnesses, such as hypersensitivity and allergic disorders, that are likely due to bioaerosols.
The Office of Occupational Medicine should be consulted before initiating any sampling.
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